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Sattriya: The Living Classical Dance Tradition of Assam
Discover the history and evolution of one of India's eight recognized classical dance forms.
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Tags: Sattriya · Indian Classical Dance · Assam Culture · Sankardev · Indian Heritage
Sattriya, also known as Sattriya Nritya, is a major Indian classical dance that originated in the northeastern state of Assam. This performance art was initially developed as part of Bhaona, which are one-act plays known as Ankiya Nat. The dance remains a living tradition today, preserved by the Sattra communities of live-in devotees.
The foundations of Sattriya were established by Sankardev, a 15th-16th century polymath. In November 2000, the Sangeet Natak Akademi of India officially recognized Sattriya as one of the nation's eight classical dances. While it began as a religious practice, modern Sattriya is now staged worldwide, exploring a diverse range of themes and plays.
Religious and Cultural Roots
Sattriya is deeply rooted in the Ekasarana Dharma, a Hindu sect established by Sankardev. The dance is traditionally performed within Sattras, which serve as monasteries or communities for devotees of this tradition. The performances are inextricably linked to the spiritual life of these communities.
The thematic content of the dance primarily focuses on stories related to Krishna. Additionally, performances depict other avatars of Vishnu, including Rama, and draw extensively from the narratives found in the great Indian epics, the Mahabharata and the Ramayana.
Ancient Foundations and Texts
Like other classical dances of India, Sattriya traces its origins to ancient drama and music texts. It is particularly linked to the Natya Shastra, attributed to Bharata Muni. This foundational text is estimated to have been compiled between 200 BCE and 200 CE, though some estimates range from 500 BCE to 500 CE.
The Natya Shastra provides the theoretical framework for the dance, consisting of approximately 6,000 verses organized into 36 chapters. This historical connection places Sattriya within a long-standing lineage of Indian performing arts and classical theory.
Evolution and Recognition
Originally created by Sankardev in the 15th and 16th centuries, Sattriya was part of a broader artistic movement involving one-act plays. These plays served as the vehicle for the dance's initial development before it evolved into the distinct classical form recognized today.
Since its formal recognition by the Sangeet Natak Akademi in late 2000, the dance has moved beyond its original communal setting. Contemporary practitioners continue to explore new themes while maintaining the traditional elements that define this Assamese art form.
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